BROKEN HILL, Australia - Phupu 7, 2025- Bohareng ba mathōko a letsatsi a New South Wales, setsebi sa jeoloji Sarah Chen sa khale se shebile ka hloko sampole e sa tsoa aroloa. Lefika lea benya, hoo e ka bang joaloka khalase, ka mokhoa o ikhethang oa tsoekere. “Ke lintho tse ntle tseo,” oa korotla, e le pontšo ea khotsofalo e phunyeletsang lerōle. "99.3% SiO₂. Mothapo ona o ka matha lik'hilomithara tse ngata." Chen ha e tsoma khauta kapa lefatše le sa tloaelehang; o ntse a batlana le liminerale tse ntseng li eketseha, empa hangata li hlokomolohuoa, tsa indasteri: bohloeki bo phahamenglejoe la silika, motheo oa mehla ea rōna ea theknoloji.
Ho Feta Lehlabathe Feela
Hangata ka colloquially ho thoeng ke quartzite kapa sandstone e hloekileng ka mokhoa o ikhethang, silica stone ke lejoe le hlahang ka tlhaho le entsoeng haholo-holo ka silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Ha lehlabathe la silika le fumana tlhokomelo e eketsehileng, boemo bo phahamenglejoe la silikali-deposit li fana ka melemo e ikhethang: botsitso bo boholo ba jeoloji, litšila tse tlase, 'me, maemong a mang, palo e kholo e loketseng mesebetsi e meholo ea nako e telele ea merafo. Ha e ntle, empa karolo ea eona ke ea bohlokoa.
Dr. Arjun Patel, rasaense oa thepa Setsing sa Theknoloji sa Singapore o re: “Lefatše la kajeno le itšetlehile ka silicon. "Ho tloha ho chip e fonong ea hau ho ea ho solar panel e marulelong a hau, khalase e fensetereng ea hau, le thapo ea fiber optic e fanang ka litaba tsena - tsohle li qala ka silicon e hloekileng haholo. 'Me selelekela sa silicon eo se sebetsang hantle ka ho fetesisa ke lejoe la silika le hloekileng.
Global Rush: Mehloli le Liphephetso
Ho tsoma premiumlejoe la silikae ntse e eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara. Li-deposit tsa bohlokoa li fumaneha ho:
Australia:Libaka tse kang Broken Hill le Pilbara li ithorisa ka mefuta e mengata ea boholo-holo ea quartzite, e nkoang e le ea bohlokoa ka lebaka la ho tsitsa ha tsona le tšepe e tlaase. Likhamphani tse kang Australian Silica Quartz Ltd. (ASQ) li ntse li atolosa mesebetsi ka potlako.
United States:Lithaba tsa Appalachian, haholo-holo libaka tsa West Virginia le Pennsylvania, li na le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa quartzite. Spruce Ridge Resources Ltd. e sa tsoa phatlalatsa liphetho tse ts'episang tsa tlhahlobo ho tsoa ho projeke ea bona ea maemo a holimo West Virginia, e totobatsang bokhoni ba eona ba tlhahiso ea silicon ea boemo ba letsatsi.
Brazil:Li-deposit tse ngata tsa quartzite seterekeng sa Minas Gerais ke mohloli o moholo, leha mathata a litšebeletso ka linako tse ling a sitisa ho ntšoa.
Scandinavia:Norway le Sweden li na le li-depositi tsa boleng bo holimo, tse ratoang ke baetsi ba theknoloji ba Europe bakeng sa liketane tsa phepelo tse khutšoane, tse tšepahalang haholoanyane.
China:Le hoja e le mohlahisi e moholo, matšoenyeho a ntse a tsoela pele ka maemo a tikoloho le ho lumellana ha maemo a bohloeki ho tsoa merafong e meng e menyenyane, ho khanna bareki ba machaba ho batla mehloli e meng.
Lars Bjornson, CEO oa Nordic Silica Minerals o re: "Tlhōlisano e bohale. "Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, silika e ne e le thepa e ngata. Kajeno, litlhaloso li thata haholo. Ha re rekise rock feela; re rekisa motheo oa li-wafers tsa silicon tse hloekileng haholo. Latela likarolo tse kang boron, phosphorus, kapa esita le tšepe ka likarolo tsa milione ho ka ba kotsi bakeng sa ho sebetsa ha semiconductor." Bareki ba rona ba batla lihlahisoa tse itseng.
Ho tloha Quarry ho ea Chip: Leeto la Tlhoekiso
Ho fetola lejoe le thata la silica hore e be lisebelisoa tsa pristine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa theknoloji ho kenyelletsa ts'ebetso e rarahaneng, e hlokang matla:
Merafo le ho Silakanya:Lithako tse kholo li ntšoa, hangata ka ho phatloha ho laolehileng merafong e bulehileng, ebe e siloa hore e be likotoana tse nyane tse tšoanang.
Molemo:Lefika le pshatlehileng lea hlatsuoa, le arohana ka matla a khoheli le ho phaphamala ho tlosa litšila tse ngata tse kang letsopa, feldspar le liminerale tse nang le tšepe.
Tsamaiso ea Mocheso o Phahameng:Joale likaroloana tse hloekisitsoeng tsa quartz li kenngoa mocheso o feteletseng. Ka har'a libono tsa arc tse ka tlas'a metsi, li itšoara ka mehloli ea carbon (joaloka coke kapa mapolanka) ho hlahisa silicon ea metallurgical-grade (MG-Si). Ena ke thepa e tala bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa aluminium le lisele tse ling tsa letsatsi.
Ho Hloekisa ka ho Fetisisa:Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike (lichifi tsa semiconductor) le lisele tsa letsatsi tse sebetsang hantle haholo, MG-Si e tsoela pele ho ntlafatsoa. The Siemens Process kapa li-reactors tsa bethe tse nang le metsi li fetola MG-Si ho khase ea trichlorosilane, e ntan'o tšeloa ka bohloeki bo feteletseng 'me e kenngoa e le li-ingots tsa polysilicon. Li-ingots tsena li tšeloa ka har'a li-wafers tse tšesaane haholo tse fetohang pelo ea li-microchips le lisele tsa letsatsi.
Mabotho a ho khanna: AI, Solar, le Sustainability
Keketseho ea tlhokahalo e hlohlelletsoa ke liphetoho tse etsahalang ka nako e le 'ngoe:
AI Boom:Li-semiconductors tse tsoetseng pele, tse hlokang li-wafers tsa silicon tse lulang li hloekile, ke lienjineri tsa bohlale ba maiketsetso. Litsi tsa data, li-chips tsa AI, le komporo e sebetsang hantle haholo ke bareki ba sa khotsofalang.
Katoloso ea Matla a Letsatsi:Maiteko a lefats'e a sutumelletsang matla a ka nchafatsoang a eketsehile tlhoko ea liphanele tsa photovoltaic (PV). Silicone e hloekileng e bohlokoa bakeng sa lisele tse sebetsang hantle tsa letsatsi. International Energy Agency (IEA) e rera matla a letsatsi a PV a tla imena hararo ka 2030, e beha khatello e kholo ho ketane ea phepelo ea silicon.
Tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele:Quartz e entsoeng ka bohloeki bo phahameng, e nkiloeng lejoeng la silika, e bohlokoa bakeng sa li-crucibles tse sebelisoang khōlong ea silicon crystal, optics e khethehileng, labware e phahameng ea mocheso, le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea semiconductor.
The Sustainability Tightrope
Tsoekere ena ha e na mathata a bohlokoa a tikoloho le a sechaba. Meepo ea silika, haholo-holo e sebetsang ka har'a mekoti e bulehileng, e fetola libaka le ho sebelisa metsi a mangata. Taolo ea lerōle e bohlokoa ka lebaka la kotsi ea ho phefumoloha ea silika ea crystalline (silicosis). Mekhoa ea tlhoekiso e matla ea matla e kenya letsoho ho khabone.
"Ho fumana boikarabelo ho bohlokoa haholo," ho hatisa Maria Lopez, hlooho ea ESG bakeng sa TechMetals Global, moetsi e moholo oa polysilicon. "Re hlahloba barekisi ba rona ba silika ka matla - eseng feela ka bohloeki, empa le taolong ea metsi, khatello ea lerōle, meralo ea tsosoloso ea mobu, le ho sebelisana le sechaba. Litlhaloso tse tala tsa indasteri ea thekenoloji li itšetlehile ka ketane ea phepelo e hloekileng ho khutlela sebakeng sa kori. Bareki le batseteli baa e batla."
Bokamoso: Boqapi le Khaello?
Litsebi tsa jeoloji tse kang Sarah Chen li ka pele. Patlisiso e ntse e tsoela pele ho kena meeling e mecha, ho kenyelletsa le li-deposit tse tebileng le mekhoa e neng e hlokomolohuoa pele. Ho tsosolosa silicon ho tloha liphanele tsa letsatsi le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ho ntse ho eketseha, empa ho ntse ho le thata 'me hajoale ho fana ka karoloana feela ea tlhoko.
Chen oa hlokomelisa, a hlakola mofufutso phatleng ea hae ha letsatsi la Australia le ntse le kokobela, "Ho na le palo e lekantsoeng ea lejoe la silika le sebetsang hantle moruong, le phahameng haholo le fumanehang ka theknoloji ea morao-rao." Ho ntse ho thatafala ho fumana li-depositi tse ncha tse khotsofatsang litekanyetso tsa bohloeki ntle le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa ka linaleli. Lefika lena… ha le na moeli.
Ha letsatsi le likela holim'a morafo oa Broken Hill, le etsa moriti o molelele holim'a liqubu tsa silica tse tšoeu tse benyang, tekanyo ea ts'ebetso e tiisa 'nete e tebileng. Ka tlas'a molumo oa AI le khanya ea lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi ho na le lejoe le ikokobelitseng, la boholo-holo. Bohloeki ba eona bo laola lebelo la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea rona, ho etsa hore tjantjello ea lefats'e ea ho fumana lejoe la silika la boemo bo holimo e be e 'ngoe ea lipale tsa indasteri tsa mehleng ea rona.
Nako ea poso: Jul-07-2025